Kw’ivanga kw’amahanga ni iki?
Rimwe na rimwe, birashobora kugorana kumenya kwivanga kw'amahanga.
Kwivanga kw'amahanga birashobora gufata uburyo butandukanye.
Urugero 1: Guverinoma zimwe zishobora gutera ubwoba cyangwa gutoteza abantu bagaragaza ibitekerezo bitandukanye
Umunyamategeko yagize icyo avuga mu myigaragambyo y’uburenganzira bwa muntu muri Australia. Nyuma y’ijambo, yakurikiwe n’umugabo utazwi arafotora maze imodoka ya se yangizwa bitegetswe na guverinoma y’amahanga. Yakiriye iterabwoba ryo kudakwirakwiza ibinyoma kuri guverinoma y’amahanga kandi umuryango we mu mahanga babajijwe ibya bene wabo bo muri Australia. Igihe yitabira indi myigaragambyo, mwenenyina mu mahanga yarafunzwe na guverinoma y’amahanga.
Urugero 2: Guverinoma zimwe z’amahanga zishobora kugerageza kugabanya ubwisanzure mu gutanga ibitekerezo
Ibyapa byashyizwe mu kigo cya kaminuza ya Australia n’umuhanzi unenga leta y’amahanga.
Amatsinda y’abanyeshuri akorera inyungu za guverinoma y’amahanga yasabwe na ambasade bireba gusaba ko ibyapa byakurwaho, kubera ko batemeranyaga n'ibirimo.
Ariko, kaminuza ntiyakuyeho ibyapa kuko ibi byari guhungabanya umudendezo wumuhanzi.
Ubwisanzure mu bitekerezo no gutanga ibitekerezo ni iki?
Freedom of opinion and expression is the right of every person to hold and express their own views, and engage in behaviours without censorship by others. These behaviours can include freedom to discuss public affairs, freedom to hold opposing views to others, and freedom to engage in peaceful demonstrations and meetings.
Urugero 3: Guverinoma zimwe z’amahanga zishobora gukoresha ubukangurambaga kuri interineti kugira ngo zicecekeshe abantu babanegura
Umunyamakuru yanditse inyandiko y'itangazamakuru anenga guverinoma y'amahanga.
Nyuma umunyamakuru yibasiwe kumurongo nubukangurambaga bwayobowe na guverinoma y’amahanga yo kubatesha agaciro no kubakoza isoni.
Imeri y’umunyamakuru na konte yo ku mbuga nkoranyambaga byabonetse nta ruhushya n'amakuru yihariye, harimo nimero ya terefone na aderesi y’urugo, byashyizwe ku rubuga.
Umunyamakuru yakiriye ubutumwa bwinshi kuri konte zo ku mbuga nkoranyambaga zikinyoma zisaba umunyamakuru gukuraho no gusaba imbabazi kubera inyandiko yabo.
Ni iki gitari kwivanga kw'amahanga?
Ubwinshi bwubunararibonye nibitekerezo muri sosiyete yacu yimico myinshi nimbaraga.
Muri Australia, kwishora mu bikorwa bya politiki byubahiriza amategeko n’ubuvugizi birashishikarizwa kandi bikarindwa.
Leta zose, harimwo na leta ya Australia, ziragerageza gushira mu ngiro ingorane hamwe na politike muri Australia. Iyo bikozwe mu buryo bweruye kandi buboneye bwubaha abaturage bacu, sosiyete na demokarasi, ibyo bikorwa ntabwo biri kwivanga kw'amahanga.
Turateganya ko izindi guverinoma zizitwara mu buryo bwubaha abaturage ba Australia, sosiyete n'inzego. Iyo zibikoze, ibikorwa byazo birashobora gutanga umusanzu mwiza muri Australia.
Urugero 1: Guverinoma y'amahanga iterinkunga Guverinoma ya Australia gukora ikintu
Isosiyete ya Leta y’amahanga irasaba Guverinoma ya Australia guhindura politiki igihe ijyana icyifuzo muri Komite ya Sena y'Ibibazo.
Gutanga icyifuzo byerekana kumugaragaro inyungu za leta z’amahanga n’uruhare mu itangwa ry’icyufuzo n’isosiyete.
Urugero 2: Guharanira kumugaragaro impinduka ya politiki
Umuryango w’abaturage hamwe na ambasade y’amahanga bafatanya gutegura ibaruwa yandikiwe abadepite bo muri Australia kugira ngo bunganire ku bibazo bireba umuryango wabo wa diaspora muri Australia.
Ibaruwa igaragaza ku mugaragaro inyungu za ambasade z’amahanga n’uruhare.
Urugero 3: Kuvuga ibitekerezo kuri politiki za guverinoma
Uhagarariye guverinoma y’amahanga asangiye ibitekerezo bya guverinoma yabo kuri politiki n’ibibazo bya Australia ku munsi mukuru wabaturage. Ibirori byerekana neza ko uwatanze ikiganiro ari uhagarariye guverinoma y’amahanga kandi ko ahagarariye ibitekerezo byabo.
Uburyo bwo gwandikisha ibikorwa by’ivangamutima by’amahanga
Ibikorwa bimwe mu izina ry'abakinyi b'abanyamahanga, harimo na guverinoma z'amahanga birashobora gukenera kwandikwa muri Foreign Influence Transparency Scheme(Opens in a new tab/window) ya Australia.
Ibibazo by’ukwibaza
Mugihe uhisemo niba hari ikintu gishobora kuba kwivanga kw'amahanga, ibaze ibi bibazo.
Ikibazo 1
Wizera ko iki gikorwa kirimo gukorwa ku bufatanye bukomeye, cyangwa kiyobowe, giterwa inkunga cyangwa kigenzurwa na guverinoma y’amahanga?
- Yego - Igikorwa gishobora kuba kwivanga kw’amahanga. Jya ku kibazo 2.
- Oya- Niba igikorwa gikozwe kubwimpamvu z'umuntu ku giti cye birashobora kuba itotezwa, ariko ntigishobora kuba kyujuje ibisobanuro byo kwivanga kw'amahanga. Ariko, gutotezwa biracyari bibi kandi hariho uburinzi kubantu bahohoterwa. Urashobora gushyikirana na polisi kugira ngo bagufashe uhamagara 131 444.
Rimwe na rimwe, birashobora kugorana kumenya niba umuntu ayobowe na guverinoma y’amahanga cyangwa niba akora yigenga. Niba ushidikanya, jya kubibazo bikurikira.
Ikibazo 2
Igikorwa kibangamiye umuntu cyangwa umuryango?
- Yego. Igikorwa gishobora kuba kwivanga kw’amahanga. Nyamuneka tanga raporo kuri National Security Hotline.(Opens in a new tab/window)
- Oya. Jya ku kibazo 3.
Ikibazo 3
Wizera ko igikorwa ari ibanga cyangwa uburiganya kandi byangiza inyungu za Australia? Igikorwa kiragerageza kubangamira ubwisanzure, inzego, ibitekerezo byabaturage, inzira za politiki cyangwa gahunda ya politiki muri Australia? Umuntu aragerageza kugushuka no guhisha amasano afitanye na leta yamahanga?
- Yego. Igikorwa gishobora kuba kwivanga kw’amahanga. Nyamuneka tanga raporo kuri National Security Hotline.(Opens in a new tab/window)
- Oya. Ukurikije igisubizo cyawe, igikorwa ntigishobora kuba kyujuje ibisobanuro byo kwivanga kw'amahanga.